「沉洞」是一种自然现象,讲白一点就是地上突然破一个大洞。但其实原理是因为下雨的雨水渗到土里,会被植物变成强酸腐蚀一些结构比较弱的石灰岩,然后每天慢慢侵蚀,直到有一天地表突然塌陷,形成沉洞。
所以不要以为这是只会发生在电影或卡通里的事而已。光是在美国每年就有几百起地表突然塌陷,形成沉洞的案例,更别说全世界地面随时崩塌的可怕意外了。
!["Cover collapse" sinkholes occur when groundwater forms gaps underground that grow large enough that the surface can no longer support them. Once that happens, goodbye house!](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427296831.jpg)
1. 「表层崩塌」沉洞,当地下水形成的地下空隙大到地层表面撑不住了就会发生地上破一个大洞的奇景。一旦出现这种情况,就只好跟房子说掰掰了!
![People who live above sinkholes can live oblivious to their existence for quite some time before the earth claims their home.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427297195.jpg)
2. 有些沉洞是因为人类间接造成的,这些沉洞的形成往往与土地的不适当利用有关。所以兴建地下水管道、挖矿的时候都特别小心。
![Humans can cause sinkholes through drilling, mining and even constructing buildings. If it changes the way water drains, it could potentially make a hole.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427297845.jpg)
3. 美国佛洛里达州特别容易发生沉洞,因为这个州的下面都是很容易被地下水溶解的石灰岩床。
![The entire state of Florida is especially susceptible to sinkholes, as it sits on a bed of limestone, which can easily dissolve in groundwater.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427298145.jpg)
其他也很危险的区域有德州、肯塔基州、阿拉巴马州、密苏里州、田纳西州和宾夕法尼亚州。
4.光在佛洛里达州,2006到2010年间就有24671起因为沉洞申报保险理赔的损失案件,总共436亿台币 (14亿美元) 的理赔金额。
![In Florida alone, from 2006 to 2010, there were 24,671 insurance claims for sinkhole damage, totaling $1.4 billion.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427298295.jpg)
虽然佛洛里达风光明媚,很适合度假,可是不要在那里待太久,小心突然掉到地洞里。
5. 当然地表破一个大洞前的征兆就是房子往下沉或下滑,但是如果你家的窗户和房门一直关不太起来的话也要小心,可能你家地板也很快就要破一个大洞了。
![Obvious signs that your place may be caught in a sinkhole are slumping and sagging, but another, more subtle sign is if your windows and doors don't close properly.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427299298.jpg)
6. 台风、龙卷风、地震也可能增加沉洞发生的机率。
![Hurricanes, of course, ruin a lot of things, but they also can also increase the chances that a sinkhole will collapse.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427299650.jpg)
7.但是如果发现得早,可以在地底下填补水泥,稳固地基。
![Sinkholes can be stopped! If caught early, they can be filled in with grout and keep things solid.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427299950.jpg)
8. 突然塌陷的沉洞也会杀死人,最近佛洛里达州就有一名男子掉到他房间里的大洞里,他的遗体也从此消失不见。
![Sinkholes have killed people. Recently, a Florida man named Jeff Bush collapsed into a sink hole that formed in his bedroom. His body was never found.](http://teepr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/desktop-1427300347.jpg)
9. 台湾也有人走路走到一半掉进地上突然出现的大洞里的监视器画面:
订阅我们的Youtube,定时收到最有趣的影片!
来源:ViralNova | YouTube
看完最后一个影片我都吓死了,电影《绝命终结站》最恐怖的地方就是这些事随时都有可能发生在你我身边。路上随时会出现的沉洞就跟这些恐怖片一样。
对于类似的惊奇深洞,你可以看看这里 (连结)。
(往下還有更多精彩文章!)